Background: There are only few theoretical models focusing on how to successfully engage parents in preventive programs. Research Questions: Do different incentives have an impact on participation in a cognitive-behavioral parent training? Do the incentives have an influence on the effectiveness of the treatment? Method: Hundred-and-ninety-seven parents from 15 preschools located in socially disadvantaged neighborhoods participated in the program after they were randomized to one of four conditions (individual/unpaid, individual/paid, group/unpaid, and group/paid). Results: It was shown that (1) the parent training was also effective in a socially disadvantaged community context, and (2) the two incentives had a differential impact on participation and outcome. While payment (in contrast to the setting) led to an increase in participation, the setting impacted the effectiveness: individual training resulted in stronger changes of parenting than group training did. No further differences in outcome were found dependent upon the recruitment strategies. Conclusion: These results support the recommendation to pay parents from a socially disadvantaged neighborhood for participation in a preventive program, because (1) a larger part of the targeted population is reached and (2) the payment did not affect the short-term outcome negatively.